Reform Health Professions. The bill approved in Montecitorio

Reform of legislation on clinical trials of drugs, review of ethics committees, gender medicine, professional orders and new professions.

25 ottobre 2017 – Eco dai Palazzi

These are just some of the points contained in the Lorenzin bill, approved by the Chamber and which will now have to return to the Senate for its third parliamentary reading. The measure, of government origin but dating back to the Letta Government, has been greatly modified in this parliamentary passage. Among the main changes is the reform of the ethics committees, which must number a maximum of forty, with at least one committee for each region, taking into account, however, the reorganization of the ethics committees, as envisaged by Legislative Decree 158 of 2012, and the number of trials evaluated as of coordinating center during 2016. An ad hoc article was also introduced for the dissemination of gender medicine. To circumvent the enormous amount of amendments that the Social Affairs Committee asked for the establishment of new health professions, a new procedure has been introduced for the recognition of new professions, which will also be accessible to professional associations. Another novelty crackdown on the abusive practice of the profession, with sentences of up to 5 years in prison and a fine of 75 thousand euros, not only for the health professions. Finally, the article on pharmacies and parapharmacies has been eliminated. Here are the details of the measures envisaged by the bill:

DRUG EXPERIMENTATION REFORM Within 12 months from the date of entry into force of the provision, the Government will have to issue one or more legislative decrees for the reorganization and reform of the rules on clinical trials of medicines for human use, introducing a specific reference to gender medicine and pediatric age. The implementing legislative decree, among other things, will have to identify the requirements of the centers authorized to conduct clinical trials from phase I to phase IV, with particular attention, in phase IV, to the involvement of patient representative associations in the definition of protocols of research, especially for rare diseases. Procedures for public accreditation and annual monitoring of the requirements possessed. Furthermore, methods must be identified to support the activation and optimization of clinical centers dedicated to phase I clinical trials, both on patients and on healthy volunteers, to be conducted with a methodological approach of gender medicine, also providing for the definition of minimum requirements for the same centres. The independence of the clinical trial and the absence of conflicts of interest must be guaranteed. Furthermore, the simplification of procedures for the use for clinical research purposes of residual biological or clinical material from previous diagnostic or therapeutic activities or in any other capacity must be envisaged, "having previously obtained the patient's informed consent on the use of the biological material that directly concerns him“.

Furthermore the Government will have to rewrite the procedures for evaluating and authorizing a clinical trial, ensuring the involvement of patient associations, especially in the case of rare diseases, through: identification of the role of the general manager or legal manager of the healthcare facility in which the clinical trial is to be carried out; identification of the tasks and purposes of the territorial ethics committees; guarantee that those in charge of validating and evaluating the application are free from conflicts of interest; establishment of a national list of those in charge of validation and evaluation; definition of the minimum contents that contracts for clinical trials must present; provision, with reference to contracts for trials, of mechanisms for compensation or participation in any profits deriving from the marketing of research results or trials carried out in public research centres, through the identification of appropriate percentages and methods for assigning same, to be recognized for the prevalent part to the same research centers and for the remaining part to the research funds managed by the Ministry of Health, where a different method of remuneration or compensation is not provided for in the aforementioned contracts; definition of the procedures for verifying the independence of the investigator.

Among other things, the application of support information systems to clinical trials and the reformulation of the sanctioning system are envisaged. In this context, the sanctions already foreseen will be confirmed and the proceeds will be allocated to health research projects presented by researchers under the age of forty. Ok also to the suspension of the activity of ethics committees that do not comply with the legislation, including that on transparency and the absence of conflicts of interest. Also expected is the revision of the legislation relating to non-profit clinical trials and observational studies with the aim of "improve clinical practice and acquire relevant information following the marketing of medicines“. Finally, a provision of the future legislative decree will have to make sure that pharmaceutical companies have to reimburse the direct and indirect expenses for the trials carried out by non-profit research associations such as, for example, Telethon.

REFORM OF ETHICS COMMITTEES ARRIVES Green light to the reform of the ethics committees: maximum forty, with at least one committee for each region, taking into account, however, the reorganization of the ethics committees, as envisaged by Legislative Decree 158 of 2012, and the number of trials evaluated as coordinating center during 2016 In addition, "the maximum number of three national ethics committees will have to be identified, one of which is dedicated to experimentation in the pediatric field". The National Coordination Center at theAifa, it will have guidance, coordination and monitoring functions but may also propose the suppression of the territorial ethics committees due to inertia or non-compliance with the EU regulation on trials. The Coordination Center will intervene, at the request of the individual territorial ethics committees, with support and consultancy functions, also in the field of evaluation of clinical trials on medicines for human use for the aspects listed in paragraph 1 of article 7 of the EU regulation 536 /2014 on clinical trials of drugs.

The Coordination Center it will also identify the minimum content of the contract stipulated with the clinical center involved in the trial. It will be composed of a minimum of fifteen members, including two representatives indicated by the Conference of the Regions and at least two representatives indicated by the most representative patient associations at national level. “The members of the Coordination Center must not be in situations of conflict of interest - it is stated - they must be independent from the promoter, from the clinical trial site and from the investigators involved, as well as from the funders of the clinical trial. With periodic annual self-certification, they are required to confirm that they are free from any undue influence and must not have financial or personal interests potentially capable of affecting the impartiality of the trial“.

A decree from the Minister of Health will identify “a single fee to be paid by the trial promoter, to be applied uniformly throughout the country when submitting an application for trial authorization or substantial modification of a clinical trial“. THE territorial ethics committeesthey will instead be competent for the evaluation of clinical trials on medical devices and phase I, II, III and IV medicinal products for human use, for the aspects included in part II listed in article 7 of the 2014 EU regulation on experiments.

GENDER MEDICINE DISSEMINATION PLAN Green light to the plan for the dissemination of gender medicine through "dissemination, training and indication of health practices concerning research, prevention, diagnosis and treatment based on differences deriving from sex and gender, in order to guarantee the quality and appropriateness of the services provided by the National Health Service (NHS) uniformly throughout the country“. A delegation to the Ministry of Health is expected which must include: orientation, at a national level, attentive to sex and gender differences in research, prevention, diagnosis and treatment, providing for an interdisciplinary approach between the various medical areas and the human sciences, in order to guarantee the appropriateness of treatment; promotion and support of biomedical, pharmacological and psycho-social research based on sex and gender differences; promotion and support of the teaching of gender medicine by guaranteeing adequate levels of training and updating of medical and healthcare personnel; promotion and support of public information on health and disease management from a perspective of sex and gender difference. A national training plan for gender medicine is also planned for "ensure the knowledge and application of orientation to sexual and gender differences in research, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. These courses - it reads - are activated in all classes of degree courses in the health professions and are included in the training plans of health companies with requirements for accreditation in continuing education in medicine“;

REFORM OF PROFESSIONAL ORDERS The revision of the orders of the health professions, of the national registers and of the national federations is foreseen. In particular, the new discipline provides for the adaptation of the reference legislation to the orders supervised by the Ministry of Health with reference to their internal functioning and changing the denomination of college in order. Therefore, functions and methods of election of the bodies have been reviewed which, among other things, will have to promote gender balance and generational turnover;

ARRIVE STANDARD PROCEDURE FOR NEW PROFESSIONS There is a standard procedure for identifying new professional profiles. The new professional profiles, which do not correspond to already recognized professions and whose exercise must be recognized throughout the national territory, will have to be recognized when transposing Community directives or on the initiative of the State or the Regions, in consideration of the related needs the health objectives set out in the National Health Plan or in the Regional Health Plans. The identification may also take place on the initiative of the professional associations representing those who intend to obtain this recognition which, to this end, must send a reasoned request to the Ministry of Health, which, within the following six months, must make a decision. The establishment of new health professions is carried out in compliance with the established fundamental principles by law 43/2006 and subject to the technical-scientific opinion of the Higher Health Council, through one or more agreements, sanctioned in the State-Regions Conference. The didactic organization of the university training of the new health professions will be defined with a decree of the Minister of Education, in agreement with the Minister of Health, having acquired the opinion of the National University Council and of the Higher Health Council;

SOCIAL-HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONS AREA The area of social and health professions is established, which includes the pre-existing professional profiles of social and health operator and the professions of social worker, sociologist and professional educator;

HERE COME OSTEOPATH AND CHIROPRACTIC PROFESSIONS The professions of osteopath and chiropractor are included in the ambit of the health professions, which will have to follow the new procedure introduced by the bill. Inside also the professions of biologist and psychologist. In addition, the certified national list of biomedical and clinical engineers was established within the order of engineers. The National Council of Chemists is transformed into the National Federation of Chemists and Physicists Orders;

STRICT ON ABUSIVE EXERCISE: UP TO 5 YEARS IN PRISON The crackdown on the abusive exercise of the profession is coming, with an increase in penalties that can even reach 5 years in prison and a 75,000 euro fine. The entire article 348 of the penal code on the abusive exercise of the profession is replaced. The tightening therefore concerns all professions, not just the health ones. The new law brings the prison sentence to 6 months-3 years (today it is up to 6 months) and the fine to 10,000-50,000 euros (instead of from 103 to 516 euros). There is also an increase in the sentence, a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 5 years, and a fine from 15,000 to 75,000 euros if a professional induces another person to commit the offence. Expected, in case of conviction, the publication of the sentence the confiscation of assets that were intended to commit the crime. The convict who will practice another profession (in addition to the one practiced illegally) will finally be banned from 1 to 3 years.

Lorenzin had expressed herself against the bill, in critical way, the FNOMCeO.

Overcome, at least for the moment, the controversies on thearticle 4 of the text of the Lorenzin Law, the one concerning the reform of the professional associations. In detail, the already existing orders of doctors and surgeons, veterinarians and pharmacists have been introduced for:

• biologists;
• nursing professions;
• midwife;
• medical radiology health technicians;
• technical health professions, rehabilitation and prevention.

To put an end to the controversy raised by doctors and nurses regarding the birth of new orders, a regulation was approved yesterday new amendment – presentato dall’Onorevole Carnevali del Partito Democratico – il quale stabilisce che qualora gli iscritti ad un albo siano superiori a 50 thousand units, it is possible to ask the Ministry of Health for recognition of a new professional order which will take on the name of the profession carried out.

“This is a rule that favors physiotherapists”, commented the honorable Massimo Baroni of the Movimento 5 Stelle, “on the other hand, Carnevali herself is a representative of that category”.

Controversy aside, the Lorenzin bill is ready to be discussed in the Senate; is going to have a good end so the battle of the Social health workers which with the birth of the area of social health professions will finally be recognized.

• article 4: one of the central points of the law, because this is where the reform of the health professions takes place. The possibility of establishing is introduced new professional orders – definiti come “non-economic public bodies” – per gli albi con numero di iscritti superiore a 50mila. Ordini che verranno costituiti a livello territoriale;

• article 5: introduces thearea of the social and health professions, con il riconoscimento come personale sanitario – e non più tecnico – per OSS, assistenti sociali, sociologi ed educatori;

• article 6: clearly establishes what are the procedures for the birth of new health professions. In detail, there can be recognition following the transposition of a Community directive, or on the proposal of the professional associations that represent them. The Ministry of Health, once their application has been evaluated, will decide whether to accept the request for recognition. Once a new profession has been established, it will be necessary to establish the professional title, the field of employment and the criteria for evaluating professional experience.

• article 7: recognition of the professions ofosteopath he was born in chiropractor. Sarà un accordo stipulato nella Conferenza Stato-Regioni – da sottoscrivere entro il termine di tre mesi – a stabilire gli ambiti di attività e le funzioni di queste due professioni. Il Ministero dell’Istruzione, entro sei mesi, dovrà invece definire in maniera chiara il percorso universitario necessario per accedere alle due professioni;

ART. 5.
(Istituzione dell’area delle professioni sociosanitarie).

1. Al fine di rafforzare la tutela della salute, intesa come stato di benessere fisico, psichico e sociale, in applicazione dell’articolo 6 dell’intesa sancita il 10 luglio 2014, ai sensi dell’articolo 8, comma 6, della legge 5 giugno 2003, n. 131, tra il Governo, le regioni e le province autonome di Trento e di Bolzano, sul nuovo Patto per la salute per gli anni 2014-2016, è istituita l’area delle professioni sociosanitarie, secondo quanto previsto dall’articolo 3-octies del decreto legislativo 30 dicembre 1992, n. 502.
2. In attuazione delle disposizioni del comma 1, mediante uno o più accordi, sanciti in sede di Conferenza permanente per i rapporti tra lo Stato, le regioni e le province autonome di Trento e di Bolzano, ai sensi dell’articolo 4 del decreto legislativo 28 agosto 1997, n. 281, e recepiti con decreti del Presidente della Repubblica, previa deliberazione del Consiglio dei ministri, sono individuati nuovi profili professionali sociosanitari. L’individuazione di tali profili, il cui esercizio deve essere riconosciuto su tutto il territorio nazionale, avviene in considerazione dei fabbisogni connessi agli obiettivi di salute previsti nel Patto per la salute e nei Piani sanitari e sociosanitari regionali, che non trovano rispondenza in professioni già riconosciute.
3. Gli accordi di cui al comma 2 individuano l’ambito di attività dei profili professionali sociosanitari definendone le funzioni caratterizzanti ed evitando parcellizzazioni e sovrapposizioni con le professioni già riconosciute o con le specializzazioni delle stesse.
4. Con successivo accordo sancito in sede di Conferenza permanente per i rapporti tra lo Stato, le regioni e le province autonome di Trento e di Bolzano, sono stabiliti i criteri per il riconoscimento dei titoli equipollenti ai fini dell’esercizio dei profili professionali di cui ai commi precedenti. Con decreto del Ministro dell’istruzione, dell’università e della ricerca, di concerto con il Ministro della salute, sentite le competenti Commissioni parlamentari e acquisito il parere del Consiglio universitario nazionale e del Consiglio superiore di sanità, è definito l’ordinamento didattico della formazione dei profili professionali sociosanitari.
5. Sono compresi nell’area professionale di cui al presente articolo i preesistenti profili professionali di operatore sociosanitario, assistente sociale, sociologo ed educatore professionale. Resta  fermo che i predetti profili professionali afferiscono ai rispettivi Ordini di appartenenza, ove previsti.

ART. 6.
(Modifica dell’articolo 5 della legge 1o febbraio 2006, n. 43) 1. L’articolo 5 della legge 1o febbraio 2006, n. 43, è sostituito dal seguente:
«ART. 5. – (Identification and establishment of new health professions). –

1. L’individuazione di nuove professioni sanitarie da comprendere in una delle aree di cui agli articoli 1, 2, 3 e 4 della legge 10 agosto 2000, n. 251, il cui esercizio deve essere riconosciuto su tutto il territorio nazionale, avviene in sede di recepimento di direttive dell’Unione europea ovvero per iniziativa dello Stato o delle regioni, in considerazione dei fabbisogni connessi agli obiettivi di salute previsti nel Piano sanitario nazionale o nei Piani sanitari regionali, che non trovano rispondenza in professioni già riconosciute, ovvero su iniziativa delle associazioni professionali rappresentative di coloro che intendono ottenere tale riconoscimento. A tal fine, le associazioni interessate inviano istanza motivata al Ministero della salute, che si pronuncia entro i successivi sei mesi e, in caso di valutazione positiva, attiva la procedura di cui al comma 2
2. L’istituzione di nuove professioni sanitarie è effettuata, nel rispetto dei princìpi fondamentali stabiliti dalla presente legge, previo parere tecnico-scientifico del Consiglio superiore di sanità, mediante uno o più accordi, sanciti in sede di Conferenza permanente per i rapporti tra lo Stato, le regioni e le province autonome di Trento e di Bolzano, ai sensi dell’articolo 4 del decreto legislativo 28 agosto 1997, n. 281, e recepiti con decreti del Presidente della Repubblica, previa deliberazione del Consiglio dei ministri.
3. Gli accordi di cui al comma 2 individuano il titolo professionale, l’ambito di attività di ciascuna professione, i criteri di valutazione dell’esperienza professionale nonché i criteri per il riconoscimento dei titoli equipollenti. Con decreto del Ministro dell’istruzione, dell’università e della ricerca, di concerto con il Ministro della salute, acquisito il parere del Consiglio universitario nazionale e del Consiglio superiore di sanità, è definito l’ordinamento didattico della formazione universitaria delle nuove professioni sanitarie individuate ai sensi del presente articolo.
4. The definition of the functions characterizing the new health professions takes place avoiding fragmentation and overlapping with the already recognized professions or with their specializations»

Text approved

Atti Parlamentari – documenti approvati nella seduta 

MD 2 August 2017

List of scientific societies and technical-scientific associations of the health professions, clarifications on registration

Clarification note dated 23 October 2017

• Istanza per l’iscrizione all’Elenco delle società scientifiche e delle associazioni tecnico – scientifiche delle professioni sanitarie (pdf. 2Mb)
• Iscrizione nell’elenco di società scientifiche e associazioni tecnico-scientifiche delle professioni sanitarie